The Marina Project is a vast tourist and memorial complex. That currently constructed. In Ouida which is a town on the coast located in the Republic of Benin in West Africa. The country hopes to promote its tourism as a top tourist destination. For the Afro-descendant population who are part of the diaspora. The proximity of Nigeria with its 220 million potential visitors. Make the tranquil and compact Benin an ideal place to host large-scale tourist attractions.

The development of the waterfront situated in the former main slave port of Benin. Bight of Benin. In the region, more than two million slaves Africans left in the transatlantic slave trade. In it peak between the 1790s and the 1860s Ouida ruled by the Dahomey kingdom. Dahomey.

The new complex will feature an spa hotel as well as a life-size model. Of a slave ship the memorial garden. A market for craft as well as an indoor arena to host performances of vodun. Vodun a faith practiced in Benin as well as among descendants. Of slaves Africans across Africa, the US, Haiti and beyond.

Local Version Project

The popularity of the local version in The Hollywood movie The Woman King revealed. A significant interest in this historic period that often left out of the school curriculum.

The Marina Project could lead to an knowledge of transatlantic slavery. It also raises numerous questions. Its design and its scope it exemplifies the contested direction of the slave tourism. The sale of heritage could diminish the impact of the painful times. Culture as a spectacle created by the tourism industry usually received with disdain.

Anthropologists as well as well-travelled tourists often regard the concept of tourist dances. As particularly uncool in the words of US academic Edward M. Bruner. However an anthropologist friend of mine Paula Abron argues that heritage tourists could also be pilgrims. And their experiences with culture in commerce could be genuine and intimate. She states, Africa became a place of worship and commerce amazing, authentic and stunning.

The Marina Project also contested for a variety of reasons. There those who believe that the massive tourism could negatively impact. The area that known as a unique eco-system and biologic. The issue is that there is also the development of a massive beach resort. In the vicinity, called the d’Alene resort of Club Med.

There are numerous sites that are part of the slavery heritage in Benin. They range from European forts of Ouida to the palaces of royal royalty of the Kings from Abomey, Porto Novo and ALADI.

As an anthropologist that the current developments are on the fine line of balancing the need for education and memory with a shrewd commerce.

Slavery Education In Africa Project

The slave trade and slavery not adequately taught in the schools. In 1998 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) initiated its Transatlantic Slave Trade education project. Participating countries from West Africa like Ghana, Senegal and The Gambia helped address the problem.

In the beach of Ouida In the city of Ouida, the Door of No Return an arch made of bronze and concrete featuring poignant images of bound bodies of enslaved Africans. It’s among the most famous landmarks of the city and is only one of hundreds. The route between the market and the huge gate adorned with two dozen statues and symbolic stops in honor of the marches of the prisoners.

The UNESCO initiative part of the organization’s flagship Slave Route Project (renamed Routes of Enslaved Peoples), which launched in 1994 in Ouida. It spurred the creation of research projects aimed at researching slavery. It also triggered new memorials to trading in slaves and slavery across the continent and in the world beyond. In Benin it changed the landscape of memorials.

For instance for instance, for instance, the Da-Silva Museum in Porto Novo Benin, Benin’s capital city began operations in 1998. The private institution provides tools (exhibitions and documents, as well as spaces) for pupils in schools to study slavery. Its founder, Urban Karim-Elision da Silva, is an eminent Agudas, a member of the Afro-Brazilian community that is akin to the slave trade and ex-slave returnees.

New Memorials Emerging In A Complex Landscape

My last trip to Ouida during February of 2022 I was there in February 2022 and the Door of No Return and museum were under renovation. The sculptures removed and the road constructed. The museum will revived in the form of an International Museum for Memory and Slavery.

However, this Marina Project, next to the front door is the most stunning among the new projects. A video published by the government lists a number of the buildings. Their names Afro-Benin, Benin Afro-Brasilein, Benin, Caribes acknowledge the descendants of slaved Africans.

The new structures enhance an already complex (and sometimes controversial) policy of the country’s intricate involvement in the trade in slaves. Family members of slave traders and slave traders among descendants of those who enslaved. Their different memories and desires have resulted in different ways of commemorating the past.

Anthropologist C. Ciarcia cites two opposing stances. In Ouida the city where tourist infrastructures at the forefront in the city, forgiveness through the ritual of atonement and memorialization sought out publicly. In Abomey the former capital city of Dahomey and the slave-raiders stories are not as and less apologetic. For Anthropologist Anna Seiderer, the presence of vodun in particular is crucial for visitors who want to imagine and recreate their origins.

Tourism To The Slave Heritage Problems

Tourism based on the slave trade in Africa targets the desires of foreign visitors particularly descendants of enslaved Africans from North as well as South America and the Caribbean region. A number of UNESCO world heritage sites preserve these relics for tourists. Gore island (Senegal) as well as slavery castles (Ghana) as well as Stone Town (Tanzania). It is true that tourism development has always been a part of the slave route plan prior to UNESCO.

The latest developments of Ouida are highlighted on The Benin Revile a grand development program conceived by the president Patrice Talon. Some critics say that many of these projects could be white elephants utilized by only a handful of.

Another common complaint is that the new monuments, museums and other events are designed by foreign experts instead of local talent. The new sites are planned constructed, staged and built by a majority of French or Chinese engineers, architects, and curators.

The Marina Project is one of many initiatives that pay tribute to Benin’s history. Combining objectives of both memorial and commercial does not hinder their ability to impart knowledge about history or provide intimate experiences of remembrance. However, the trend towards luxury cultural consumption seems to be more troublesome.

You’re hanging out with some acquaintances before heading out for a night. Everyone’s drink while listening to tunes and it’s great. A rideshare vehicle pulls out of the driveway and everyone finishes. Their drink before getting into the car, heading to a concert where drinking is to be consumed.

This is the usual before-drinking scene drinking alcohol in one location usually at a home of someone’s prior. Drinking somewhere in another location, like the club, pub or even an event. You may be familiar with the concept of pre-drinking (colloquially called preloading) and not think too as much about it.

In actuality, it’s an complex behavior which has attracted particular attention to health psychologists. And public health strategists over the last 15 years. As popular as it may be, pre-drinking isn’t completely safe.

Why Do People Pre Drink?

The huge effort of public health to curb excessive drinking in licensed establishments. Led to certain drinkers may have shifted away from their traditional pub. To club model to opt for an home to pub to club model.

It’s easy to see the attraction when you consider that, compared to a bustling location. A home will likely be quieter and cramped, and likely doesn’t have an additional cost for cover. In Australia one of the main reasons people give for drinking. Before they go out is the low price of alcohol. Purchased in advance when compared to prices at an approved venue.

Indeed, behavioral economists have found that we are quite sensitive when it comes to finding the most efficient way to consume alcohol. Then add our complicated tax system as well as public health initiatives like minimum unit pricing into the mix It’s not a surprise that we’re looking for ways to boost our spirits at a reasonable cost.

More Than Just Money?

Outside of Australia research suggests that the cost of alcohol is not as big an influencer for people who drink before. Other motivational theories have been discovered mostly from psychological studies across North America and Europe.

This includes these include the enhancement aspect of pre-drinking in itself (as the opening scene shows) and limiting the consumption of alcohol in situ (such as drinking only the brand you prefer) or anticipating drinking less in the future (think the long lines for footy at the bar).

The main goal of drinking before going out to get sufficiently intoxicated before going out. One motive, often discussed by me described as intimate pursuit. This why the pre-drinks utilized to establish trust with someone you could interested in romantically.

Although these ideas usually accepted by Australian drinking pre-teens, cost still a significant factor in our decision to drink particularly among younger Australians.

In our study we asked participants about the lower cost of drinking before in addition to these other reasons. This was the biggest predictor of the pre-drink, and also predicted the participants experiencing alcohol-related harm during the previous twelve months.

It’s surprising to hear that some people say that drinking prior to drinking doesn’t help save the money. From a psychological point of view it could be that alcohol can affect your inhibitory control. The purpose of drinking pre-drinks is to keep the total alcohol consumption to a minimum The more we drink the harder it gets to not buy another drink.

The Particular Danger Of Pre Drink

Research consistently indicates that drinking before drinking linked to drinking excessively and harms associated with alcohol. Another reason is the fact that we drink more alcohol when drinking prior to drinking, as opposed to sipping drinking a pint in the bar. Pre-drinkers can experience more intoxication levels, faster.

It can depend on a variety of variables such as the people we’re pre-drinking with, or the extent to which people have been playing alcohol games. In addition that people are quite inept at estimation of how much they’ve been drinking.

Unfortunately it is true that it is a sad fact that the sweet spot of a buzz may quickly change to increased levels of alcohol-related intoxication and a higher danger of harm from alcohol.

Ensure Risks Of Pre Drinking Reduced?

Pre-drinking is a good idea for social and practical functions for socializing with your friends in a relaxed setting, and also warming up before an evening out. So, it’s likely that we’ll never completely eliminate pre-drinking However, we can attempt to make it safer.

The main issue with pre-drinking is that individuals may drink from whatever vessel is available like the mug, and be unable to track their drinking habits. licensed establishments offer alcohol in standardized containers like pints and schooners. Some also use measured drinks. Therefore, having schooners and Jiggers in your drink before you go could be a good idea to begin.

Health psychologists are often advocates of protective behavioral strategies strategies that can help us to keep alcohol consumption under control. For instance, we could determine a drinking limit or set a timer between drinks to reduce the amount we consume. The research is in progress to determine how these strategies could be more tailored to the pre-drinking environment.

In the end, if you’re planning a drink-in-preparation session prior to an event is a good idea. To ensure there’s plenty of alcohol-free or low-alcohol alternatives, and food, like you would at any event. Most important that that pre-drinkers can do is to keep their eyes on one another to ensure everyone gets to the party and has a great time and returns home safely.

The 196 nations who gathered to attend the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. Conference (COP15) in Montreal, Canada, are discussing a new set goals to reverse the decline of biodiversity on Earth. They’ve taken on a huge task to ensure. That humanity has the ability of living in harmony with nature in 2050.

In line with this goal and for the very first time in a global agreement countries requested. To work together to solve conflicts between wildlife and humans. If Swiss farmers worried about losing their livestock to a rebounding. Population of wolves and the return of tigers could threaten communities in Nepal conservation, it can lead to an impasse. These conflicts increase the cost of biodiversity for local communities and, if not resolved. Dealt with properly create tensions that weaken the support for conservation in general.

Helping you is The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Human-Wildlife Conflict. And coexistence Specialist Group a global expert body that I chair. We bring together the best information available, and are preparing global guidelines. As well as holding a three-day conference dealing with these kinds of conflicts. In Oxford starting on March 30 in the year to come.

Achieve Coexistence Convention

Finding a way to resolve conflict and achieve coexistence isn’t easy. The majority of human-wildlife conflicts center around the dangers that animals represent to human rights as well as the retribution of the animals in response however, these conflicts also trigger conflicts between different groups. For instance, even though the wolves known to occasionally slaughter sheep across Europe as well as North America, conflict primarily is a result of the desire to kill wolves and those who wish to keep them safe. The tensions increase, and distrust and divisions develop and each side becomes more locked in its own opinion of the situation, preventing the progress.

Therefore, solving conflicts over wildlife is not just a task of installing fences, lights , or soundmakers to prevent animals from farms, properties or livestock. Solving conflicts between humans and wildlife requires resolving differences and discord between humans. This more than any other fence, is the reason for coexistence. This involves identifying any root problems and addressing them in dialog, involving everyone in a collective agreement.

Without this knowledge any concrete measures that external sources suggest to communities to keep wildlife out will likely be ineffective or even ignored entirely https://kakeksiji.com/.

Important To Measure

In the wake of COP15 each country with a human-wildlife conflict within its borders will require financial and technical support in order to handle the issue. In addition, after the new agreement goes into force, required to keep track of and monitor their progress toward all the targets that have agreed to which include conflicts between humans and wild animals for coexistence. To achieve this, a common measure known as indicators is required as well as indicators that being discussed.

But here’s another issue nations face unique circumstances, from ensuring coexistence with crocodiles India to settling disputes about bats on Mauritius. The countries must employ locally appropriate and sensitive methods to settle these disputes, and at the same time, reviewing their performance in a globally consistent and comparable manner.

The precise method by which this can accomplished remains a stumbling block during these talks. As resolving conflict isn’t as easy as building barriers between people and wild animals. Simply calculating how many times crops trampled by elephants, or how many animals killed. In response to preying on cows isn’t enough. If the goal was to lower the numbers and reduce the number of animals killed. The best option would be to get rid of all animals, or all people but that’s not coexistence. The goal must to help communities balance the benefits and costs of living alongside. Wildlife and for differences between different groups to remediated.

Track Of Instances Convention

While countries must keep track of instances of loss or damage convention compensation claims. As well as the amount of people and animals that killed and injured. We suggest noting the level of conflict between individuals. And their progress in ways that are appropriate to the local context and culture. A possible approach is looking at the community’s willingness to live. With wildlife that can be assessed using survey methods that measure attitudes, values, and tolerance. This gives countries the ability to choose their own adaptions. And promotes a more comprehensive understanding about what is required to make coexistence work.

Conflicts between humans and wild animals are an enormous challenge as well as an excellent opportunity. This is what UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres stated in his opening speech for the gathering.